Designation for portable mine cables with power and ground conductors, 600V.

Designation for a type of fluorinated ethylene propylene insulated wire.

Designation for a type of fluorinated ethylene propylene insulated wire. The terms PFF and PGF are also used.

A scale that expresses acidity or basicity (alkalinity), denoting the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion activity. The scale is from 0 to 14, with 7 representing a neutral basis at 25°C. The less a given solution is below 7, the more acidic it is; the greater it is above 7, the more basic it is. An increase of 1 in pH represents a 10 times decrease of acidity of the solution. Pure, neutral water has a pH of 7, so for pH above 7, an increase of 1 unit represents a 10 times increase in alkalinity. The pH level frequently is used to assess the efficiency of acids, such as those used for pickling.

1) A particular stage or point of advancement in an electrical cycle. Usually expressed in electrical degrees where 360° represents one cycle. 2) The fractional part of the period through which the time has advanced measured from some arbitrary point. 3) A portion of a material system that is physically homogenous and distinct.

The measure of the progression of a periodic wave in time or space from a chosen instant or position.

The conductors other than the neutral.

The order in which the successive members of a periodic wave set reach their positive maximum values. First is the zero phase sequence in which there is no phase shift. Next comes the plus/minus phase sequence in which there is a normal phase shift.

1) The absolute magnitude of the difference between two-phase angles. 2) A change in the cycle relationship between two alternating quantities active on the same axis.

Coating with an adherent coating of zinc phosphate that serves as a lubricant carrier in drawing and other forming (extrusion, heading, etc.) operations.

A copper-tin alloy con­taining a small percentage of phosphorus, characterized by great toughness and tensile strength. The ease with which it can be worked depends on the percentage of tin in the alloy. The lower the tin content, the more easily the alloy can be cold formed.

A highly reactive, nonmetallic element occurring naturally in phosphates. In most qualities of steel, phosphorus is one of the most objec­tionable impurities. When present in excess of certain limits, it produces a cold short metal. Up to about 0.12 percent phosphorus in­creases strength at the expense of ductility.

A device in which the current-voltage characteristic is a function of incident radiation (light).

Converts light energy to electrical energy.

A control sensitive to incident light.

An elementary quantity of radiant energy (quantum).

The adaptation of the metal to its intended uses, a part of metallurgy dealing chiefly with physical changes produced in the properties of the metal after chemical composition has been nearly entirely fixed.

Properties of a material. In scientific terms, physical properties are those that are insensitive to structure and can be measured without the application of force. Examples include density, electrical conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, magnetic permeability, etc. In common usage, physical properties include all properties, including mechanical properties that are not included in a scientific environment.

Testing that is completed to determine a material’s physical properties.

The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The ratio itself has a value, when taken to eight decimal places, of 3.14159265, or 22 divided by 7. For the wire and cable industry, this ratio can be used to calculate the diameter of each strand of wire in the cable to provide a defined cross sectional area. Or, vice versa, to calculate the cross sectional area that a given wire strand diameter will provide.